Theoretical definition, basics and difficulties of translation art

 Theoretical definition, basics and difficulties of translation art

To accept the truth and to listen carefully to the words of goodness, to understand and act upon it, and to pass it on to people of all times and places in such a way that they too can understand and act upon it. This message and invitation has been presented by the Holy Quran in a very beautiful and comprehensive manner. The teacher of the universe, Sayyid Alam (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), said:

قُلِ اللَّهُ شَهِیٌد مَبِينِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ قَف وَوُوحِي ِٰلَيَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ لِأُنأذِرَكُمْ بِه وَمَنْ م بَلَغَ ط

Translation: Say: Allah is Witness in me and in you and in me that this Quran has been revealed that I may warn you of it and the jinn may come to it. (Kins of Faith)

The commentator of the Qur'an, Hazrat Sadr-ul-Afazl Allama Maulana Naeem-ud-Din Muradabadi (may Allah have mercy on him) writes in his commentary on this verse in his footnote Khazain-ul-Irfan that it means that

"I warn all those who will come after me till the Day of Resurrection who have received this Holy Qur'an, whether they are human beings or jinn, to oppose the divine command."

It is narrated in the hadith that the person who received the Qur'an as if he saw the Prophet (peace be upon him) and heard his blessed words. Hazrat Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said that when this verse was revealed, the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) sent letters of invitation to Islam to the kings like Kasra and Qaisar. There is also a saying in his commentary that "I" in the mind is a perfect place and the meaning is that I should warn you from this Holy Qur'an and warn those who have reached the Holy Qur'an. In the hadith of Tirmidhi, it is said, "May Allah refresh the one who has heard our word and conveyed it as he heard it. Many are more qualified than the listeners and according to one tradition, they have more horizons than the listeners."

Dear readers! Keep in mind this supplication of the teacher of the universe, Sayyid Alam (peace be upon him) and these underlined sentences. When the characteristics of “Kinz-ul-Iman” and Sahib-e-Kinz-ul-Iman are mentioned in the following lines, then there will be a discussion in this regard, God willing.

From the commentary of this verse, it is clear that the Qur'an is emphasizing the importance of communication and transmission of the basic elements of translation. Communication means that the meaning of the text and its main idea come to the mind of the translator with full clarity. ”

According to Dr. Title Chishti:

The starting point of comprehension is the moment when the translator begins to study it as a reader (or listener in Qur'anic terms), and the moment of this process is the moment when the reader learns the meaning of the work of art or Satisfied with fully understanding the concepts. ”(1)

After communication comes the stage of communication, for this stage Dr. Chishti writes:

Delivery is the process by which the translator presents to the reader the author's abstract knowledge or the true meaning of the work of art through comprehensible symbols, the language of translation. This process ... More complex and demanding. Ordinary readers of the translation are not interested in what was in the original work or in what style it was, they read the translation as a substitute for the original. Everything that happens in it happens to them.

There are two stages to the delivery process. The first is where words and ideas dissolve into each other in the mirror box of the mind, in other words the translator's abstract awareness takes on the visible form of words. The delivery process is from abstract to non-abstract, so the success of the delivery depends on the extent to which the translator translates the poet's or author's awareness (which is an essential part of his mind when communicating). The language is smooth.

The second destination is when the translator, author or poet presented the abstract knowledge to the readers in a new language. It is a test of the translator's creative and artistic abilities. ”(2)

A study of the heavenly books, especially the Qur'an al-Hakim, makes it clear that the Prophets (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon them) were the original interpreters of the Divine Word, and their followers, the Companions, the followers and the followers of the Prophets (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon them). He was the translator of Wal-Salam's commentary. Thus the tradition of translation is as old as man's own existence in this universe. Allah Almighty has instilled in man the substance of curiosity and contemplation. For this reason, man is called a mixture of curiosity and foresight. In the same spirit, for centuries man has been finding ways to understand, examine and convey his conscience to each other. History bears witness to the fact that the effective and efficient use of this ability has created an atmosphere of understanding between human society, country and nations, and on the contrary, the immaturity of the spirit of curiosity or ineffective use of this ability. Ways of sedition and disorder have also been opened.

The general definition of translation is the transfer of ideas or information from one language to another, and it seems to be a simple process. Atash Durrani in one of his essays praises translation as follows:

As far as the definition of translation is concerned, we can describe it in the words: Translation: is the name given to an action taken in a language in which an alternative text of another language is presented instead of the text of another language. This definition includes all aspects of meaning, concept, demands, style of expression and expression, style and manner. Since it is primarily concerned with the art of language, we can call its theoretical aspect the linguistic theory of translation.

As far as the principle of translation is concerned, we present a famous research paper “Shah Haqqani's Urdu Translation and Interpretation of the Qur'an; A Critical and Research Review” with an excerpt from Dr. Syed Mohammad Amin and Mr. Mohammad Irshad Ahmad Rizvi Misbahi Which is the essence of in-depth study on the subject under consideration (principle of translation) and is presented in the form of a concise but comprehensive outline. ”(7)

”1. The original text should not be hidden from the eyes of the translator under any circumstances as the translator is bound by the main idea of ​​the text in any case.

2. The translator has no right to add or subtract from them, not only in phrases but also in similes and metaphors. Deviation from this would be scientific dishonesty.

3. There is also no right to move the text back and forth to facilitate translation.

4. No editing of the original text is allowed.

5. As well as the complexity of language and expression, the linguistic, literary, scientific, historical, social and personal background of the subject must also be taken into account, otherwise the translator will always be stumbled upon.

6. If the scope of handling terms is in the language of translation, then Subhan Allah! Otherwise, it should be moved to the nearest meaning, but there should be a terminology board in this regard so that there is uniformity in the use of terms.

7. The translator must resort to a high and authoritative dictionary. It is not appropriate to rely on memory alone.

8. The translation should be done with a keen eye and present mind so that the hidden meanings hidden in the veil of words can be revealed otherwise the translation of the superficial look will continue to injure many inner pleasures of the language and the meaning and gestures behind these words. They will disappear in the translation.

9. In the translation, keeping in view the geographical location of the original characters, such words or names should be used which can fully express the original characters, otherwise Iranian, Hindi and American, become Pakistani and the author touches on the geographical temperament and environmental condition of these characters. The feeling of being put in these words will not even take its breath away.

Take, for example, the great Russian poet Pushkin. Describing such an accident with a famous legend, Dr. Z. Ansari writes:

A famous novel by the great Russian poet Pushkin was titled "Station Master" in English and was translated into Urdu. Russia represents the poor, destitute, and helpless, weary drug lord of the outpost, who provided exchange horses at the gates of a village or caravanserai before the vast network of trains was laid. If we write this character as a station master in imitation of English, then the spirit of fiction will perish. He is our "post office clerk" and should have been given that name.

10 The style and style of translation should be fluent, elegant, comprehensible and so appealing that it reflects individuality while walking side by side with the original.

11. There is no way to translate proverbs and proverbs in translation. However, there is a way to compare proverbs in the language of translation, but this is a very difficult way. In this regard, coercion spoils the beauty of the text, so instead of looking for idioms instead of idioms, use the word idiom to present the meaning of idioms according to one's needs and the meaning of words with the help of idioms. Should try

12 The work of technique and style in translation is not decoration but the transmission or expression of the main idea. The translator should not deliberately adopt any new technique or untouched style, but should adopt a technique and style appropriate to the subject, content and mood throughout the translation process that in every way reflects the basic idea or impression of the work. Be useful in the expression of This is the case with appearance. The translator should also choose the form that the subject and content require.

13 If the sentences are complex and long, the translation can be broken down into shorter sentences, but this style cannot be used everywhere.

14. Familiarity with the subject is a prerequisite for translation. Then from the original language then from your own language. That's why De Wright's (US) Mass Translation Project states:

Translator- Quality Control- Technical Editor- Language Editor

Ie translator Quality monitor Technical Editor Language editor. ”

A translator has great responsibilities when it comes to reviewing the basics and terms of translation. According to Mirza Hamid Baig:

and arrogance. Two of his attributes are highly commendable (and this is the point of understanding and reasoning). One is that he respects the author from the bottom of his heart and the other is that he is extremely honest as a translator. This combination of complete freedom and honesty restriction prevents him from selling other people's products with his own trademark. While translating, he adapts the work in such a way that at least in part he can be called its creator, but it is the greatness of the translator that he works like a great craftsman. With purity of heart and soul but does not reveal his name and constantly guards the sanctity of translation. ”(7b)

references

(1) Qamar Raees, Doctor, The Art and Tradition of Translation, Taj Publishing House, Delhi, p: 142 with reference to Shah Haqqani's Urdu translation and commentary of the Qur'an, p: 152, Amjadia Library, Matia Mahal, Delhi.

(2) Also, p. 150, with reference to Shah Haqqani Urdu translation of Qur'anic commentary, pp. 153, 154.

(3) "To translate is to reconstitute as nearly as possible the effect of a certain cause (the original) by means of another cause (the translation)."

(The Art of Translation - Delhi, 1962, p.23)

(4) Khaliq Anjum, The Art of Translation, Anjuman-e-Tarqi-e-Urdu, India, Delhi, pp. 160, 161

(5) Ejaz Rahi, Problems of Translation in Urdu Language, Authoritative National Language, Islamabad.